![]() ![]() Replace – ate with – ic, or – ite with – ous and add the term ‘acid’ at the end. To name oxyacids, omit ‘hydrogen’ to start with the root name of the anion. Typical oxyacids consist of hydrogen combined with a polyatomic, oxygen-containing ion. Oxyacids are compounds that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and at least one other element, and are bonded in such a way as to impart acidic properties to the compound. For example, when the gas HBr (hydrogen bromide) is dissolved in water, the solution is called hydrobromic acid. The nonmetallic element name is modified by adding the suffix -ic, followed by the addition of the word ‘acid’. If the compound is a binary acid (composed of hydrogen and one other nonmetallic element), first, the word ‘hydrogen’ is changed to the prefix hydro. To denote this distinct chemical property, a mixture of water and an acid is given a name derived from the compound’s name. Many of these compounds release hydrogen ions, H +, when dissolved in water. Some compounds containing hydrogen are members of an important class of substances known as acids. H 2O is usually called water, and not dihydrogen monoxide. Similarly, N 2O is known as nitrous oxide, even though it is dinitrogen monoxide. For example, although NO is often called nitric oxide, its proper name is nitrogen monoxide. In chemistry, certain molecular compounds are generally represented by using common names, instead of chemical names. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2), iodine heptafluoride (IF 7), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) are names of some molecular compounds composed of two elements. When two vowels are adjacent, the Greek prefix is usually dropped. ![]() Thus, CO is named carbon monoxide, and CO 2 is called carbon dioxide. When only one atom of the first element is present, the prefix mono- is usually deleted from that part. ![]() Greek prefixes designate the numbers of atoms of each element. The name of the more metallic element (the one farther to the left and/or bottom of the periodic table) is first, followed by the name of the more nonmetallic element (the one farther to the right and/or top) with its ending changed to the suffix –ide. To account for this, prefixes specifying the numbers of atoms of each element are used. Since these are different substances with different properties, they cannot both have the same name (they cannot both be called carbon oxide). For example, carbon and oxygen can form the compounds CO and CO 2. When two nonmetallic elements form a molecular compound, several combination ratios are often possible. Molecular Compounds Composed of Two Elements However, because covalent bonding allows for significant variation in the combination ratios of the atoms in a molecule, the names for molecular compounds must explicitly identify these ratios. The charges of cations and anions dictate their ratios in ionic compounds, so specifying the names of the ions provides sufficient information to determine chemical formulas. The bonding characteristics of molecular compounds are different from ionic compounds, and they are named using a different system as well. The position of a compound’s elements in the periodic table can predict whether the compound is ionic or covalent (although there are exceptions). Since covalent compounds are formed from the combination of nonmetals, the periodic table can help recognize many of them. Since there is no electron transfer, molecular compounds do not contain ions instead, they consist of discrete, neutral molecules. These and other organic compounds appear frequently in discussions and examples throughout this text.Molecular compounds or covalent compounds result when atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds. Section 2.1 introduced two organic compounds: methane (CH 4) and methanol (CH 3OH). All living organisms are composed of organic compounds, as is most of the food you consume, the medicines you take, the fibers in the clothes you wear, and the plastics in the materials you use. It is widely used as a substitute for chlorine in municipal water treatment plants because, unlike chlorine, it does not react with organic compounds in water to produce potentially toxic chlorinated compounds.Īpproximately one-third of the compounds produced industrially are organic compounds. B Because there are two oxygen atoms, the compound is a dioxide. Consequently, chlorine is named first, but a prefix is not necessary because each molecule has only one atom of chlorine. A Although oxygen lies to the left of chlorine in the periodic table, it is not named first because ClO 2 is an oxide of an element other than fluorine (step 3a).B The compound is dinitrogen tetroxide (omitting the a in tetra- according to step 2c) and is used as a component of some rocket fuels. \), the prefix for two is di-, and the prefix for four is tetra. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |